Exchange Visitors may be subject to the two-year foreign residence requirement of Section 212(e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, for one or more of the following reasons:

• They received funding from the United States Government, their own government, or an international organization in connection with their participation in the Exchange Visitor Program.
• The education, training, or skill they are pursuing in this country appears on the current Exchange Visitors Skills for their country.
• They acquired J-1 Status on or after January 10, 1977, for the purpose of receiving graduate medical education or training.

Exchange Visitors who are subject to, but do not wish to comply with, the two-year home residency requirement, may apply for a waiver of that requirement under any one of the five applicable grounds provided by the United State immigration law.

• “No Objection” statement from the home government

The exchange visitor’s government must state that it has no objection to the exchange visitor not returning to the home country to satisfy the two-year residence requirement of Section 212(e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, and remaining in the U.S. if he or she chooses to do.

• Request by an Interested (U.S.) Government agency, or IGA

If an exchange visitor is working on a project for or of interest to a U.S. Federal Government agency, and that agency has determined that the visitor’s continued stay in the United States is vital to one of its programs, a waiver may be granted if the exchange visitor’s continued stay in the United States is in the public interest.

• Persecution

If the exchange visitor believes that he or she will be persecuted upon return to the home country due to race, religion, or political opinion, he or she can apply for a waiver.

• Exceptional hardship to a United States citizen (or permanent resident) spouse or child of an exchange visitor.

If the exchange visitor can demonstrate that his or departure from the United States would cause extreme hardship to his or her United States citizen or lawful permanent resident spouse or child, he or she may apply for a waiver.

• Request by a designated State Department of Health or its equivalent

Pursuant to the requirement of Public Law 103-416, of October 25, 1994 and Public Law 107-273, of November 2, 2002, foreign medical graduates who have an offer of full-time employment at a health care facility in a designated health care professional shortage area and agree to being employment at the facility within 90 days of receiving such waiver, and who sign a contract to continue to work at the health care facility for a total of 40 hours per week and not less than three years, may apply for a waiver.

http://exchanges.state.gov/education/exchanges

Law and Regulations:

Immigration and Nationality Act, Section 212 (e)
http://www.ins.usdoj.gov